Overview
o
Monel
was created by Robert Crooks Stanley who worked for The International Nickel
Company (INCO) in the year 1901
o
The
name “Monel” was given after the name of the president Ambrose Monell, and patented
in 1906. Since family names were not allowed to be trademarks at that time, one
‘L’ was dropped from the title.
o
This
name is now a trademark of Special Metals Corporation.
o
Monel
is a combination of nickel alloys, mainly composing of nickel (67%), and copper
along with small amounts of iron, manganese, carbon, and silicon.
o
Monel-400
is a Nickel-Copper alloy which is resistant to sea water and steam at high
temperatures, and also to salt and caustic solutions.
o
This
alloy possesses excellent corrosion resistance in a wide variety of mediums.
o
It is
characterized by:
a. Good general corrosion resistance
b. Good weldability
c. Moderation to high strength
o
It can
be found in various forms such as:
§ Bars
§ Square Bars
§ Wire Spools
§ Wire Cuts
§ Loose Coils
§ Sheets/plates
§ Tubes
§ Pipes
§ Flanges
Properties
o
Monel-400
possesses excellent resistance to rapidly flowing brackish, or seawater.
o
It is
specifically resistant to hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acids when they are
de-aerated.
o
This
alloy shows a slight magnetic property at room temperature
o
It is
more resistant to nickel under the conditions of reduction and more resistant
than copper under oxidizing conditions. However, it doesn’t exhibit better
resistance in reducing media, than to oxidizing.
o
This
alloy exhibits great mechanical properties from sub-zero temperatures up to
almost 480 degrees Celsius.
o
It possesses great resistance to sulfuric and
hydrofluoric acids. But, aeration may cause increase in the corrosion rate.
o
It may
be used to deal with hydrochloric acid, but the presence of oxidizing salts
will vastly accelerate the corrosive attack.
o
It
shows resistance to neutral, alkaline and acidic salt, but due to oxidizing
acid salts such as ferric chloride, poor resistance is found.
o
The
alloy shows exceptional resistance to chloride ions in stress corrosion
cracking.
Applications
1. Monel 400 bar is popularly used in the
chemical, oil and marine industries.
2.
It is
used to feed water and steam generator in tubing.
3.
The
alloy is used in Brine heaters, sea water scrubbers in tanker inert gas
systems.
4.
It is
commonly used in Sulfuric acid and hydrofluoric acid alkylation plants.
5.
Monel-400
is utilized in Pickling bat heating coils.
6.
They
are used as Heat exchangers in a variety of industries.
7.
The
alloys can be used to Transfer piping from oil refinery crude columns.
8.
It is
applicable as a Plant for the refining of uranium and isotope separation in the
production of nuclear fuel.
9.
It can
be applied as Pumps and valves which are used in the manufacture of
perchlorethylene, and chlorinated plastics.
10. Monel-400 is an important feature in the Monoethanolamine
(MEA) reboiling tube.
11. It is popularly used as Cladding for the
upper areas of oil refinery crude columns.
12. They are also applied in Propeller and pump
shafts.
13. It can be fabricated
readily by hot- and cold-working, machining, and welding.
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