China window screen- Secure & decorative material

China window screens are authentic & antique pieces from earlier centuries which are beautiful and are useful for wall hangings. These screens can be built into walls in new & remodeled homes paired with other screens to make a dramatic headboard or even used behind glass in a customized door or divider. China window screens served as partitions painted with serious works and were not moved around frequently. These were heavy wooden structures hinged with cloth or leather thongs pulled through holes near the edges of the panels. The frame was prominent & image was developed vertically and confined to the individual panels to create a pleasing pattern. Nowadays, china window screens are being manufactured using various new features & technologies.

China window screens ensure privacy from people outside but allow clear view from inside and also ensure security. These screens add to the aesthetics of the room and are strong & corrosion resistant. The mesh can be retained in the frame with bespoke Wedge PVC pressure retention system or using rivets into a frame with a covering strip to conceal the rivets. These screens are ideal for various applications such as

·        Sliding doors

·        Hinged doors

·        Security window screens

·    

          Insect protection in residential houses, hotels, hospitals, public buildings etc.

China window screens can be customized to fulfill the exact requirements of the customer for example, fitting into various interior designs. Various features of china window screens are

·        Excellent corrosion resistance

·        Decreases the vision into the home

·        Choice of retention systems

·        Provides clear vision from the inside

·        Manufactured as per required quality standards

·        Part of various security and screening solutions

·        Low maintenance

·        Allows fresh air

·        Ensures insect protection

·        Seamless corners

·        Weldable

·        Easy to operate

·        Easy to maintain

·        Durable

·     

   Available in a wide range of colours

·        Customizable

·        Excellent quality hardware

·        Soundproof

·        Provides protection from thieves

·        Heat –insulation

·        Anti-dust

·        Beautiful & decorative

·        Long lasting

Surface treatment is done by

·        Heat-transfer-printing wood grain

·        Powder coating

·        Fluorocarbon coating

The China Window Screen standard gauze is of excellent quality and high strength provided by china as it is made of aluminum. Aluminum is lightweight as compared to copper or steel and yet is strong. It has unmitigated structural integrity over a long service life. Aluminum’s structural strength and stability remains strong under extreme conditions and temperatures. Aluminum becomes stronger at cold temperatures whereas plastics tend to become brittle. Other standard specifications include:

·        Mesh size: 14x14, 14x16, 16x18

·        Width: 0.6m to 1.8m

·        Wire diameter: 0.1 to 0.25

Hastelloy C276 bar- Highly corrosion-resistant, useful in chemical process applications

About Hastelloy C276

Hastelloy C276 is an alloy made of nickel-chromium-molybdenum that is very versatile and has resistance to corrosion. This alloy is suitable for many chemical process applications in the as welded condition due to its resistance to the formation of grain boundary precipitates in the weld heat-affected zone. Alloy C276 has resistance to stress-corrosion cracking, pitting and oxidizing atmospheres up to 1900°F. Alloy C276 has resistance to various chemical environments.

Features of Hastelloy C276 that make it highly useful are

·        It has high resistance to strong solutions of oxidizing salts such as cupric and ferric chlorides.

·        It is resistant to wet chloride gas.

·        It has resistance to hypochlorite and chlorine dioxide solutions.

·        It is appropriate for many chemical process applications as it is not prone to grain boundary precipitation in the as welded condition.

·        It has resistance to various chemical process environments such as dry chlorine, acetic anhydride, hypochlorite & chlorine dioxide solutions, formic & acetic acids, sea water & brine solutions, ferric & cupric chlorides, solvents, ferric & cupric chlorides, chlorine & chlorine contaminated (both organic & inorganic).

·        It has resistance to pitting & stress corrosion cracking.

Applications of Hastelloy C276 bar are

·        Sulfuric acid reactors.

·        Components exposed to sour gas.

·        Digesters and bleach plants in the paper industry.

·        Equipment for processes utilizing halide or acid catalysts.

·        Equipment for flue-gas desulfurization plants.

·        Organic chloride process equipment.

·        Evaporators, heat exchangers, filters and mixers used in sulfuric acid environments.

HastelloyC276 is typically used in petrochemical organic chloride & chemical processes and processes utilizing halide or acid catalysts. Other industrial applications are

·        Pulp and paper (digesters & bleach areas)

·        Pharmaceutical

·        Scrubbers

·        Food processing equipment

·        Scrubbers and ducting for flue gas desulfurization

·        Oil & Gas

·        Geothermal

·        Chemical Process

·        Solar Power

·        Biomass

·        Petrochemical

·        Utilities

·        Water Desalination

·        Nuclear Power

·        Sea Water

·        Mining

·        LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas)

Cold & hot working of Hastelloy C276

Hastelloy C276 can be formed using various cold and hot working processes. Hastelloy C276 can be cold formed using aggressive methods such as press forming, deep-drawing or punching. Hot forming should be done within a temperature range between 1600°F and 2250°F with heavier sections heated to a minimum of 2000°F before forming. Annealing of the material after working should be done within a temperature range of 2050°F to 2150°F followed by a rapid quench in a protective atmosphere or in an agitated reducing quench bath. 2% Ethyl or Propyl alcohol is added to water to obtain a reducing media.

Hastelloy C276 for pulp & paper industry

The pulp & paper industry uses wood as a raw material to make paper, pulp, board and other cellulose-based products using bleaching vessels and digesters. Bleaching vessels are used to bleach the wood pulp to make it look whiter and digesters are used to heat wood chips to high temperatures with sodium sulfide and sodium hydroxide to change these into pulp by dissolving the wood’s lignin binder. Black and white liquors involved in this cooking process are corrosive materials that attack the internal walls of the digester. The bleaching and digesting processes involve chlorine & chlorine-based materials, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur and sulfur dioxide. Hastelloy C276 is suitable for digester materials and bleaching vessels due to its high resistance to corrosion in various chloride-bearing environments, both alkaline and acidic.

Using B2 Alloy And Studying Its Corrosion Resistance Ability

As a nickel-molybdenum alloy with superior resistance to the reducing environments containing acetic, phosphoric, and sulfuric acids along with hydrogen chloride gas, this alloy is used in a wide range of applications. The resistance to non-oxidizing acids and pure sulfuric acid is also known. However, the alloys cease to exhibit its abilities when used in those applications where iron and copper are present in a system along with hydrochloric acid. The resistance that this alloy shows to chloride-induced stress corrosion cracking and a wide range of organic acids are known across the industry.

Suitability of this alloy

It prevents the formation of carbide precipitates in the heat-affected zones of welding thereby making it one of the most suitable materials widely used in the chemical process applications. Due to the reduced carbide precipitates that can be seen in the heat-affected zones of welding, the corrosion resistance ability of this alloy comes into effect. The excellent resistance of the B2 alloy to stress corrosion cracking and pitting has made it popular for different types of applications that are more susceptible to corrosion.

Characteristics of B2

Being a solid-solution strengthened alloy, it is used in extreme reducing conditions. Compared to its predecessor, B2 contains less silicon, carbon, and iron making it less susceptible to reduced corrosion resistance in as-welded condition and the weld zone. A lot of chemistry control and years of development have led to the formation of the B2 alloy that is widely used today. With temperatures ranging from 1000 to 1600 degree Fahrenheit, this alloy must never be used as it leads to the formation of secondary phases that reduces the ductility of this alloy.

Heat treatment and fabrication

The welding of the B2 alloy can be performed using coated electrodes, MIG and TIG. However, the work piece is to be cleaned thoroughly with a suitable cleanser or acetone to ensure that all the markings and contaminants are removed. Prior to the process of welding, grinding can be performed with iron-based materials and an alumina wheel that has never been used before. Unless the work piece has been formed with any other means, there is no need to apply post or preheat treatment processes. For work pieces that have been formed, a full solution anneal may be needed. Before annealing, the cold-formed pieces must be shot-peened. On the other hand, hot working is to be performed when the range of temperature is extremely high. Performing a full solution anneal is necessary on all the hot-worked pieces. The Hastelloy B2 undergoes solution annealing at an extremely high temperature for about ten minutes which is then followed by water quench.

Corrosion resistance of B2

The high molybdenum content of B2 hastelloy bar alloy provides excellent resistance to this alloy to hydrochloric acid over a wide range of temperatures and concentrations. In the heat-affected zones, the alloy also shoes reasonably good resistance to hydrogen chloride, phosphoric and sulfuric acid, and is therefore resistant to different types of corrosion when the uniform rates of corrosion are similar but care has to be taken abstain the use of oxidizing media as it destroys the corrosion resistance ability of this alloy greatly.

Sintered wire mesh- preferably used for pharmaceutical applications

Wire mesh is used in the pharmaceutical industries in various methods. One such way is sintered wire mesh for pharmaceutical processing. The 5-layer sintered wire mesh laminate is suitable for usage in Nutsche filters in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. The filter medium can operate under various pressures and temperatures while maintaining its opening size. It has high mechanical strength & corrosion resistance and can be cleaned by backwashing. 5-layer sintered wire mesh laminates are available in various filter ratings such as in Hastelloy or 316L Stainless steel. Standard size is 24″x48″ and 48″x48″ pieces can be cut and welded together to form larger circular filters and bolted or welded in place.

Sintering is a name given to a process of permanently bonding the molecular elements of the alloy at the point of their intersection using the atmosphere, time, pressure and temperature. This process can involve multiple layer construction and produces a secure and stable mesh that can be used for filtering and other high pressure applications.

There are various features and benefits of sintered wire mesh such as

·        High flow rates and selectable flow resistance

·        Numerous combinations  possible

·        Defined finest aperture size and regular pore distribution

·        Disk sizes possible without welding

·        Highly robust, resistant to mechanical & thermal loading (up to 600°C depending upon alloy), long service life, therefore, offers reduced downtime.

·        Consistent product quality and high corrosion resistance with the usage of noble metals such as Hastelloy, Stainless steel, Inconel etc.

·        Optimum backwashing capability and high reliability in terms of backwashing pressure.

·        Reduced loading of the filter medium in pulsation.

Sintered steel meshes are now used instead of filter meshes for various challenging applications. Various types of meshes are bonded together using pressure and heat. This results in a combination of performance benefits of each individual mesh layer and results in optimization of the filtration process. The finest filtration is achieved by the resultant bonded mesh and the medium is resistant to physical loading due to the robust mesh structure. The smooth surface has an advantage for the cleaning process when backwashing.

There are various applications of Sinteredwire mesh such as

·        Sintered wire mesh is commonly used in the filtration of gas & liquid and is also used in many industries such as polyester, food, water treatment, petrifaction, pharmacy and beverage. Furthermore, the minimum diameter is up to 10mm and the filter rating can be up to 1 micron. In addition, as to the connection type and specification, we can produce it to the customer's request.

·        Sintered wire mesh is used in pharmacy industries to intercept the powder particle in the dry gas and reduce the loss of powder and air pollution. It can increase the filter area due to the structure of the double tubes.

·        Sintered wire mesh is also used in drying and filtration in the pharmacy industries as split/integral type and the minimum diameter can be up to 3000mm.

Which are the major applications of C276

Hastelloy C-276 exhibits excellent corrosion resistance in different kinds of harsh environments. With several applications such as ducts, stack liners, heat exchangers, scrubbers, stack liners, evaporators, and reaction vessels, the industrial dependence on this alloy is known widely. This alloy finds application in different industries such as power generation, chemical and petrochemical processing, pulp and paper production along with pharmaceuticals, and wastewater treatment.

Corrosion resistance of Hastelloy

C-276 is one of the universal corrosion resistant materials available today and used in strong and oxidizing and reducing conditions. The only thing that limits the use of this Hastelloy is the low chromium content that does not make it suitable for environments containing hot nitric acid. With exceptional resistance to hydrochloric acid, acid chlorides, formic and acetic acids, and solvents, and chlorine solutions, industries rely on this alloy for several applications.

Treatment – fabrication and heat

This alloy can be formed using various hot and cold working processes. The tendency to work harden can be cold formed using the harsher methods that are aggressive as well such as press forming, deep-drawing, and punching. The hot forming process is to be carried at extremely high temperatures. Annealing of the material if to be carried out after hot forming and the temperatures should high here as well.

Choice of an incinerator for waste treatment

Incineration is a prominent waste treatment procedure that helps in the treatment of waste by converting all the inorganic materials into water vapor and carbon dioxide when exposed to high temperatures. Incinerators are extremely useful as they help in the destruction of all those substances that are potentially harmful, and are used for the treatment of industrial, toxic and municipal waste. Various substances are present in the waste materials such as sulfur, brominated compounds, fluorocarbons, and chlorinated organics. These components are oxidized at extremely high temperatures inside the incinerator resulting in the formation of nitrogen oxide, sulfur oxide, and hydrogen halides which make it difficult to choose the right material for the incinerator. However, C276 is one of those superalloys that can be chosen as the material for the incinerator.

Industrial applications of C276

What exactly is the reason for choosing C276 as one of the most reliable materials for the incinerator? The systems used in the process of incineration are often subject to high cycles of temperatures, and the acidic condensate leads to corrosion. The sheet, plate, and pipe materials made from this Hastelloy C276 can perform at oxidizingtemperatures ranging about 1900 degrees Fahrenheit making it the right choice for an incinerator. Due to the presence of molybdenum, nickel, chromium and a bit of tungsten, this material shows high resistance to corrosion and is the right choice for equipment that is used for the treatment of wastewater.

With the ability to resist a high amount of chlorides when compared with the rest of the alloy, it is used in pitting and crevice corrosion, general corrosion, and stress corrosion cracking. The material also finds use in the processing industries due to its capacity to weld easily, and low carbon content reduces the carbide precipitation during the process of welding thereby making it just right for resisting the intergranular attack.

A Brief insight on Monel-400 and its Applications

Overview

o   Monel was created by Robert Crooks Stanley who worked for The International Nickel Company (INCO) in the year 1901

o   The name “Monel” was given after the name of the president Ambrose Monell, and patented in 1906. Since family names were not allowed to be trademarks at that time, one ‘L’ was dropped from the title.

o   This name is now a trademark of Special Metals Corporation.

o   Monel is a combination of nickel alloys, mainly composing of nickel (67%), and copper along with small amounts of iron, manganese, carbon, and silicon.

o   Monel-400 is a Nickel-Copper alloy which is resistant to sea water and steam at high temperatures, and also to salt and caustic solutions.

o   This alloy possesses excellent corrosion resistance in a wide variety of mediums.

o   It is characterized by:

a.       Good general corrosion resistance

b.      Good weldability

c.       Moderation to high strength

o   It can be found in various forms such as:

§  Bars

§  Square Bars

§  Wire Spools

§  Wire Cuts

§  Loose Coils

§  Sheets/plates

§  Tubes

§  Pipes

§  Flanges

Properties

o   Monel-400 possesses excellent resistance to rapidly flowing brackish, or seawater.

o   It is specifically resistant to hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acids when they are de-aerated.

o   This alloy shows a slight magnetic property at room temperature

o   It is more resistant to nickel under the conditions of reduction and more resistant than copper under oxidizing conditions. However, it doesn’t exhibit better resistance in reducing media, than to oxidizing.

o   This alloy exhibits great mechanical properties from sub-zero temperatures up to almost 480 degrees Celsius.

o    It possesses great resistance to sulfuric and hydrofluoric acids. But, aeration may cause increase in the corrosion rate.

o   It may be used to deal with hydrochloric acid, but the presence of oxidizing salts will vastly accelerate the corrosive attack.

o   It shows resistance to neutral, alkaline and acidic salt, but due to oxidizing acid salts such as ferric chloride, poor resistance is found.

o   The alloy shows exceptional resistance to chloride ions in stress corrosion cracking.

Applications

1.      Monel 400 bar is popularly used in the chemical, oil and marine industries.

2.      It is used to feed water and steam generator in tubing.

3.      The alloy is used in Brine heaters, sea water scrubbers in tanker inert gas systems.

4.      It is commonly used in Sulfuric acid and hydrofluoric acid alkylation plants.

5.      Monel-400 is utilized in Pickling bat heating coils.

6.      They are used as Heat exchangers in a variety of industries.

7.      The alloys can be used to Transfer piping from oil refinery crude columns.

8.      It is applicable as a Plant for the refining of uranium and isotope separation in the production of nuclear fuel.

9.      It can be applied as Pumps and valves which are used in the manufacture of perchlorethylene, and chlorinated plastics.

10.  Monel-400 is an important feature in the Monoethanolamine (MEA) reboiling tube.

11.  It is popularly used as Cladding for the upper areas of oil refinery crude columns.

12.  They are also applied in Propeller and pump shafts.

13.  It can be fabricated readily by hot- and cold-working, machining, and welding.

Reasons To Use Tungsten Mesh For High Temperature Filtration

The resistance of Tungsten Mesh to the attacks of oxidation and corrosion is widely known across the industries. Due to this characteristic, this material is also used for several filtration applications at different temperatures. The mechanical characteristics of this material are excellent in high temperature and it has the smallest coefficient of thermal expansion amidst all the other metals. With maximum service temperature going beyond three thousand degrees Celsius and supreme resistance to thermal creeping, the filtration functions exhibit perfection. The durability of this material is another unique quality for which it has attained recognition. Due to a clean mesh surface that is flat and lean as well, it is appropriately used as a filter and screening material in different kinds of applications such as electrical, mechanical, heating and vacuum equipment.

Properties of this mesh

The properties of this mesh make it ideal for different purposes especially for filtering.

•    There are specific shapes, styles, and sizes of this mesh that can be suitably used for different kinds of vacuum furnaces.

•    During frequent cycles of heat, the metal mesh displays high dimensional stability. Due to the large radiating area, the surface life of the mesh can be increased by reducing the surface watt loading on different heating elements.

•    During its correspondence to the service temperature limit, the mesh exhibits good performance at low temperatures.

•    A mild or small tear will not affect the service life of this mesh material.

•    When you introduce tungsten mesh, it offers the highest furnace service temperature along with the perfect optical heat transfer for related temperature uniformity.

•    The weave and design of this mesh material can handle stress better as thermal stress is hard to avoid during different heating operations.

•    The large surface area of the mesh reduces the watt density thereby resulting in the better service life of the element.

Effectiveness of tungsten mesh

This mesh abandons the thermal and mechanical stress which helps in enhancing the element life. During the production of this mesh, each wire coil is woven along with the second coil for a regular network of mesh spreading over the complete width and length of the element. As the diameter of the weft and warp wires can be controlled closely, the accuracy level in the production of the mesh is at the highest level. For the production of different oven mesh designs, the pitch, height and diameter can be controlled.

The tungsten mesh' applications include the construction and engineering industries due to its strength and durability. At every high melting point it can offer protection from the hazards of fire. With features such as print repeatability and physical stability when compared with the conventional steel mesh this is a more effective material. With a variety of weaving styles, the final product that is used for filtration and screening undergoes quality control procedures at various stages.  Different industries ask for cut to size meshes that can be ordered according to the specifications. With exact filtration capacity, the positive effects that are required in the treatment of gels to ensure the highest levels of cleanliness can be achieved with the help of this mesh.