Monel wire- Excellent material for hydro-carbon processing

Monel is a family of nickel-copper alloys with high tensile strength and high resistance to salt water, atmospheric corrosion and various acid & alkaline solutions. Monel 400 can be magnetic depending upon the composition and previous work history. Monel K500 contains aluminum and titanium for age hardening. This alloy is fully nonmagnetic and spark resistant. Monel K500 is used for gyroscope application and anchor cable aboard minesweepers. It is used for propeller shafts on a wide variety of vessels and exhibits high fatigue strength in seawater. This alloy is also used in chemical process applications for handling of organic acids, dry chlorine and caustic. Monel 400 is used for marine engineering, hydrocarbon processing equipment, shafts, fasteners, valves, fittings, heat exchangers and chemical processing equipment.

Monel 400 has high strength and high corrosion resistance in a wide range of acidic and alkaline environments. It is especially ideal for reducing conditions. Monel 400 has excellent ductility and thermal conductivity. This alloy is ideal for seawater applications and has high corrosion resistance in a wide range of acidic & alkaline environments. Monel 400 has applications in chemical processing, pumps, marine engineering, hydro-carbon processing, valves and heat exchangers.

Monel 400 is used for handling sulfuric acid solutions under reducing conditions. There is an effect of aeration in 5-6% acid concentration on the corrosion rate of Monel 400 at various temperatures. The rate is very low at all temperatures in air-free solutions. Aeration increases the corrosion rate of Monel 400. 

The rate decreases until the boiling point is reached at higher temperatures in aerated acid when the corrosion rate is the same as in air-free acid. The acid becomes oxidizing and the corrosion rate undergoes a sharp increase that is only slightly affected by aeration above 85%. Monel 400 is attacked by boiling 25% acid, the reduction of the cation releasing hydrogen sulfide, attendant sulfur and sulfur dioxide from their interaction. Monel 400 has excellent resistance to boiling sulfuric acid solutions up to about 15% concentration. Monel 400 has excellent resistance in the storage of 80% acid at room temperature but is not used continuously with pure acid of higher concentration without preliminary tests. The maximum concentration for the use of Monel 400 in pure acid solutions is reduced to about 65% at elevated temperatures. Concentrated acid (93 to 98%) is added to large proportions of organic materials and is progressively diluted to lower concentrations in some organic processes. 

In such cases Monel 400 has excellent resistance due to dispersion of the acid and the film-forming or inhibiting action of some organic materials. The actual corrosion rate of Monel 400 is close to the air-free rate because continuous air saturation is uncommon in most sulfuric acid applications. A high degree of aeration would be expected only when air is bubbled continuously through the solution or when the solution is sprayed or poured through the air or churned up with considerable air in pumping. The rate at which air may be replenished at a quite solution-air interface is small compared to the rate at which oxygen can be removed by corrosion. Consequently, a high degree of aeration would be expected only at the liquid line and, if this level is constant, corrosion would be accelerated at this line. The presence of organic materials such as foods, sugars and fats limit the degree of aeration because these materials will react with dissolved oxygen and remove it from solution.